Vitamins,and their function in the body.
Classification of vitamins:
Fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K, F
Water-soluble vitamins - B, C, N, P, U
Vitamin-like substances - J, L, adenine, dexapanthenol, benfotiamine
A vitamins
__________
A1 - retinol
A2 - dehydroretinol
The daily requirement is 900 μg
It is part of the visual pigment, it provides normal vision
Hypo-avitaminosis - chicken blindness
B vitamins
__________
B1 is thiamine
The daily requirement is 1.5 mg
Hypo-, avitaminosis - Beri-beri, which is accompanied by polyneuritis.
B2 - riboflavin
The daily requirement is 1.8 mg
Participates in oxidation-reduction reactions of the body
Hypo-, avitaminosis - is expressed by a violation of protein synthesis, lens opacity
B3 (PP) - nicotinic acid
Daily requirement - 20 mg
Hypo-, avitaminosis - pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, mental disorders)
B4 choline
Daily requirement - 500 mg
Hypo-avitaminosis - Liver disorders
B5 - pantothenic acid
Daily requirement - 5 mg
Hypo-avitaminosis - Joint pain, hair loss, limb spasms, paralysis, impaired vision and memory.
B6 - pyridoxine
Daily requirement - 2 mg
Participates in protein metabolism, activates cell division, stimulates erythropoiesis.
Hypo-, avitaminosis - anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus
B7 (H) - biotin
Daily requirement - 50 mcg
Hypo-avitaminosis - Skin lesions, loss of appetite, nausea, swelling of the tongue, muscle pains, lethargy, depression.
B8 - inositol
Daily requirement - 500 mg
There is no data on hypo- or vitamin deficiency
B9 (Bc, M) - folic acid
The daily requirement is 400 μg
Hypo-avitaminosis - Folic-deficiency anemia, disturbances in the development of the spinal tube in the embryo nutrition
B10-p-aminobenzoic acid PABK
Daily requirement - no data available
Stimulates the production of vitamins by intestinal microflora. It is a part of folic acid.
B11 (Bt, O) - Levocarnitine
The daily requirement is 300 mg
Hypo-avitaminosis - metabolic disorders.
B12 - cyanocobalamin
Together with folic acid promote the maturation of macro-cells to erythrocytes.
Hypo-avitaminosis - Macrocytic anemia (Adison-Birmer disease, Pernicious anemia)
B13-orotic acid
The daily requirement is 1 mg
Hypo-avitaminosis - eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis ...
B14 - methoxanthine (coenzyme PQQ)
B15 is pangamic acid
Daily requirement - 100 mg
B16-Dimethylglycine
With vitamin - ascorbic acid
Daily requirement - 100 mg
Increases blood coagulability, lowers the patency of blood vessels, stimulates tissue regeneration, stimulates the synthesis of interferon, stimulates the synthesis of hormones of the cortex and adrenal medulla, in particular: catecholamines and GCS. The last two functions are balanced.
Hypo-and avitaminosis
D vitamins
___________
D1 - lamisterol
D2 - ergocalciferol
D3 - cholecalciferol
D4-dihydrocalciferol
D5 - sytocalciferol
Regulate Ca-P metabolism.
Hypo -, avitaminosis - rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
E vitamins
__________
Α tocopherol
Β tocopherol
Γ tocopherol
Daily requirement - 15 mg
Neuromuscular disorders: spinal-cerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia), myopathies, anemia, reproductive disorders.
F vitamins
__________
Omega-3
Omega-6
Hypo-avitaminosis - Atherosclerosis, retardation of development, accelerated tissue aging
To vitamins
__________
K1 - phylloquinone
K2 - farnihinon
Daily requirement - 120 mcg
Hypo-avitaminosis - hypocoagulation
N vitamins
__________
Lipoic acid
Thioctic acid
The daily requirement is 30 mg
Hypo-avitaminosis - violations of normal liver function
P vitamin - catechins, anthocyanins, polyphenols
Hypo-, avitaminosis - the fragility of capillaries
U vitamin-methionine
It is considered an antiulcer factor.
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